Anyikpe

Tso Wikipedia

Anyikpe alo mud-brick nye brik si wotsɔa ya ƒua gbe, si wotsɔa aŋɔ, anyigbaʋuʋu, ke kple tsi tsakatsaka kple nusi blaa nu abe bli ƒe aŋgba alo gbe ene wɔ. Wonya anyikpewo tso ƒe 9000 D.M.Ŋ., togbɔ be tso ƒe 4000 D.M.Ŋ.

Le nuto siwo me dzoxɔxɔ le si me ati ʋɛ aɖewo koe li woatsɔ ado dzo na dzodoƒe la, zi geɖe la, wotsɔa ŋdɔ ƒua anyikpewo. Le go aɖewo me la, anyikpewɔlawo na anyikpe siwo wotsɔ anyikpe wɔe ƒe agbenɔƒe didi to anyikpe siwo wotɔ dzoe dede wo dzi alo wotsɔ aŋɔ tsyɔ wo dzi me.

Woate ŋu atso anyikpe wɔwɔ kple xɔtutu ƒe ŋutinya le Levant ƒe dzigbe gome tso Do Ŋgɔ na Zemelawo ƒe Kpe Gbadzaɣi A (e.g., PPNA Jericho).[1]Wotsɔ ke, anyi, tsi kple temper enuenu (e.g. gbe kple gbe ƒe alɔ siwo wotso) tsakae, si woyɔna hã be adobe alo mudbrick ko, eye wonye mɔnu/nu si wozãna wu tsɔ tua anyixɔwo le ƒe bliboa me blema Ɣedzeƒe Ʋĩ ƒe akpe geɖe.[1][2][3] Wogawɔa anyikpe si me dzo mele o le xexeame katã egbea, eye wozãa egbegbe mɔnuwo kple blema mɔnuwo siaa.[4][5]

Wotsɔ anyikpewo,[6] wotsɔ anyikpe tu Yerixo ƒe aƒewo le ƒe 9000 D.M.Ŋ. Wogblɔ be ƒe 5200 D.M.Ŋ. Kpeɖodziwo ɖee fia be anyikpe ƒe wɔwɔme si le Tel Tsaf la li ke ƒe 500 ya teti, le Chalcolithic ƒe titinaɣeyiɣia katã me.

Anyiehe Asiatɔ siwo nɔ Mehrgarh tu xɔ siwo wotsɔ anyikpe tu henɔ wo me le ƒe 7000–3300 D.M.Ŋ. Wozã anyikpe siwo wotsɔ anyikpe wɔe le teƒe siwo wu 15 siwo ŋu woka nya ta le be ƒe akpe 3 lia D.M.Ŋ. Le Harappan Tsitsi ƒe ɣeyiɣia me la, wozãa anyikpe siwo wotsɔ dzo wɔe.

Mesopotamiatɔwo zãa anyikpe siwo ŋdɔ ƒuna le woƒe du tutu me; zi geɖe la, anyikpe siawo nɔa gbadzaa le ete eye woƒoa xlã wo le etame, si woyɔna be plano-convex mud bricks. Wotsɔa aŋe si le dzogoe ene me wɔa ɖewo eye wowɔa wo goglo ale be titina nalo wu nugbɔwo. Wotsɔa anyikpe siwo wotɔ dzoe ƒe mɔ ʋɛ aɖewo tso gli aɖewo ŋu tso woƒe gɔme va ɖo tsidzadza ƒe ka dzi be xɔa ƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi.

Le Minoa Crete, le Knossos teƒea la, blematomenukulawo ƒe kpeɖodziwo li be wozãa anyikpe siwo wotsɔ ŋdɔ ƒu wɔe le Kpe Gbadzaɣi (do ŋgɔ na ƒe 3400 D.M.Ŋ.).

Anyigbaʋuʋu si wotsɔ ŋdɔ ƒu gbee nye xɔtunu si wozãna wu le blema Egipte le Faraon ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me eye wowɔa wo le mɔ ma ke nu kloe ƒe akpe geɖe. Anyigbaʋuʋu si tso teƒe aɖewo hiã be woatsɔ ke, gbe si wofli alo nu bubu siwo blaa nu abe lãwo ƒe aɖu ene atsaka kple anyigbaʋuʋua be wòanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi eye wòazu plastic. Dɔwɔlawo ƒo anyikpe nu ƒu tso Nil-tɔsisia me hekɔe ɖe do aɖe me. Emegbe dɔwɔlawo tu afɔ anyigba esime wole gbe dem eme be aŋɔa nasẽ.[citation needed] Anyigbaʋuʋuawo sɔ le atikewo nu abe ami ene, si na wotsrɔ̃ blema Egiptetɔwo ƒe glikpo geɖe, abe le Edfu ene. Teƒe si wokpɔ ta na nyuie enye Amarna. Anyigbaʋuʋu zazã dzi ɖe edzi le Romatɔwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziɣi.

Le Blema Helatɔwo ƒe xexeame la, wozãa anyikpe zi geɖe tsɔ tu gliwo, mɔ̃ sesẽwo kple mɔ̃ sesẽwo, abe Troy Mɔ̃ sesẽ (Troy II) ƒe gliwo ene. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gbe alo amagbe ƒuƒu wɔa anyikpe siawo.

Djenné ƒe Mosque Gã si le Mali titina lae nye anyikpexɔ gãtɔ kekeake le xexeame. Wotsɔ anyikpe si woyɔna be Banco, tue, abe Saheltɔwo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu geɖe ene, si nye anyikpe kple nuku ƒe aŋgbawo ƒe nuɖaɖa, wotsɔa ʋuʋudedi, eye wowɔa wo wòzua anyikpe alo wotsɔa wo ƒoa anyigba abe aŋɔ ene abe aŋɔ ene le ʋuʋudedi gbadzawo me. Ele be woagatsɔ aŋɔ sia asisi ɖe eŋu ƒe sia ƒe.[7]

  1. 1.0 1.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6975557
  2. https://www.google.com/books?id=Fq7qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT246
  3. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40000466
  4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287786412
  5. https://escholarship.org/content/qt7v84d6rh/qt7v84d6rh.pdf
  6. https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&q=jericho+9000+bc+bricks&pg=PA37
  7. https://web.archive.org/web/20150927003156/http://www.kyoto-seika.ac.jp/researchlab/wp/wp-content/uploads/kiyo/pdf-data/no41/oussouby_sacko.pdf