Anyikpe

Anyikpe alo mud-brick nye brik si wotsɔ ya ƒua gbe, si wotsɔ aŋɔ, anyigbaʋuʋu, ke kple tsi tsakaa nu abe bli ƒe aŋgba alo gbe ene wɔe. Wonya anyikpewo tso ƒe 9000 D.M.Ŋ., togbɔ be tso ƒe 4000 D.M.Ŋ.

Le nuto siwo me dzoxɔxɔ le eye ati ʋɛ aɖewo koe li woatsɔ ado dzo na dzodoƒe la, zi geɖe la, wotsɔa ŋdɔ ƒua anyikpewo. Le go aɖewo me la, anyikpewɔlawo naa anyikpe siwo wotsɔ anyigba wɔe ƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi to anyikpe siwo wotɔ dzoe dede wo dzi alo wotsɔ aŋɔ tsyɔ wo dzi me.

Woate ŋu akpɔ anyikpe wɔwɔ kple xɔtutu ƒe ŋutinya le Levant ƒe dzigbe gome tso Do Ŋgɔ na Zemelawo ƒe Kpe Gbadzaɣi A (PPNA Jericho). Wotsɔa ke, anyi, tsi kple temper (abe gbe kple gbe ƒe alɔ siwo wotso ene) tsakana, si woyɔna hã be adobe alo mudbrick, eye wònye nu si wozãna wu le xɔtutu me le blema Ɣedzeƒe Ʋĩ ƒe akpe geɖe me. Wogawɔa anyikpe si me dzo mele o le xexeame katã egbea, eye wozãa egbegbe mɔnuwo kple blema mɔnuwo siaa.

Wotsɔ anyikpewo tu Yerixo ƒe aƒewo le ƒe 9000 D.M.Ŋ. me. Kpeɖodziwo ɖee fia be anyikpe ƒe wɔwɔme si le Tel Tsaf la nɔ anyi ƒe 500 ya teti, le Xalkolith ƒe titinaɣeyiɣia katã me.

Anyiehe Asiatɔwo le Mehrgarh tu xɔ siwo wotsɔ anyikpe tu henɔ wo me le ƒe 7000–3300 D.M.Ŋ. me. Wozã anyikpe siwo wotsɔ anyigba wɔe le teƒe siwo wu 15 le ƒe akpe etɔ̃lia D.M.Ŋ. me. Le Harappan Tsitsi ƒe ɣeyiɣia me la, wozãa anyikpe siwo wotsɔ dzo wɔe.

Mesopotamiatɔwo zãa anyikpe siwo ŋdɔ ƒu le woƒe du tutu me; zi geɖe la, anyikpe siawo nɔa gbadzaa le ete eye woƒoa xlã wo le etame, si woyɔna be plano-convex mud brick-wo. Wotsɔa aŋe si le dzogoe ene me wɔa ɖewo eye wowɔa wo goglo ale be titina nalo wu nugbɔwo. Wotsɔa anyikpe siwo wotɔ dzoe ƒe fli ʋɛ aɖewo tsoa gli aɖewo ŋu tso woƒe gɔme va ɖo tsidzadza ƒe ka dzi be xɔa ƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi.

Le Minoa Kreta, le Knossos teƒea la, blematomenukulawo ƒe kpeɖodziwo fia be wozãa anyikpe siwo wotsɔ ŋdɔ ƒu wɔe le Kpe Gbadzaɣi me (do ŋgɔ na ƒe 3400 D.M.Ŋ.).

Anyigbaʋuʋu si wotsɔ ŋdɔ ƒu gbee nye xɔtunu si wozãna wu le blema Edzipti le Faraon ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me, eye wowɔe nenema ƒe akpe geɖe. Anyigbaʋuʋu si tso teƒe aɖewo hiã be woatsɔ ke, gbe si wofli alo nu bubu siwo blaa nu abe lãwo ƒe aɖu ene atsaka kpakplii be wòanɔ anyi eteƒe nadidi eye wòazu plastic. Dɔwɔlawo ƒoa anyigba nu ƒu tso Nil-tɔsisia me hekɔna ɖe do me. Emegbe dɔwɔlawo tua afɔ anyigba esime wole gbe dem eme be aŋɔa nasẽ. Anyigbaʋuʋuawo sɔ le atikewo nu abe ami ene, si na wotsrɔ̃ blema Egiptetɔwo ƒe glikpo geɖe, abe le Edfu ene. Teƒe si wokpɔ ta na nyuie enye Amarna. Anyigbaʋuʋu zazã dzi ɖe edzi le Romatɔwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziɣi.

Le Blema Helatɔwo ƒe xexeame la, wozãa anyikpe zi geɖe tsɔ tua gliwo, mɔ̃ sesẽwo kple gbedoxɔwo, abe Troy Mɔ̃ sesẽ (Troy II) ƒe gliwo ene. Zi geɖe la, wotsɔa gbe alo amagbe ƒuƒu wɔa anyikpe siawo.

Djenné ƒe Mosque Gã si le Mali titina nye anyikpexɔ gãtɔ kekeake le xexeame. Wotsɔ anyikpe si woyɔna be Banco tue, abe Saheltɔwo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu geɖe ene. Banco nye anyikpe kple nuku ƒe aŋgbawo ƒe tsakaka, wotsɔa ʋuʋudedi wɔnɛ, eye wowɔa wo wòzua anyikpe alo wotsɔa wo ƒoa anyigba abe aŋɔ ene le ʋuʋudedi gbadzawo me. Ele be woagatsɔ aŋɔ sia asisi ɖe eŋu ƒe sia ƒe.