Afrika ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu
Afrika ƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu nye Afrika ƒe akpa gãtɔ dzi dzedze, dziɖuɖu, kple eƒe dutanyigbadziɖuɖu si Ɣetoɖoƒe Europe dukɔ adre siwo Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Tɔtrɔ Evelia ʋã le ƒe alafa 19 lia ƒe nuwuwu kple ƒe alafa 20 lia ƒe gɔmedzedze me. Esiawo dzɔ le "Imperialism yeye " ƒe ɣeyiɣia me:[1]Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal kple Spain.
Le ƒe 1870 me la, anyigbagã la ƒe 10% nɔ European ƒe ŋusẽ te le se nu. Kaka ƒe 1914 naɖo la, xexlẽme sia dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo 90% kloe; dukɔ siwo gakpɔtɔ nɔ woƒe ɖokuisi nye Liberia, Ethiopia, Egba,[2]Aussa, Senusiyya,[3] Mbunda, Dervish Dukɔa, Darfur Sultanate,[4] kple Ovambo fiaɖuƒewo.[5][6] Europatɔwo va ɖu wodometɔ akpa gãtɔ dzi emegbe.
Le ƒe 1800 ƒeawo ƒe nuwuwu lɔƒo la, Europae-dukɔwo nɔ avu wɔm le wo nɔewo dome be yewoaxɔ ŋusẽ.[7] Esia na wowɔ duƒuƒu, si woyɔna be "Scramble for Africa,[8]" afisi woxɔ Afrika-nyigba kabakaba le.Be Europe-dukɔwo naƒo asa na aʋawɔwɔ le wo nɔewo dome la, wowɔ Berlin Takpekpe si wowɔ le ƒe 1884 me. Le afisia la, wowɔ sewo na alesi woama Afrika ahawɔ asitsadɔ le afima.Do ŋgɔ na esia la, Europetɔwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔkpɔ ɖe Afrika dzi nɔ abe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi sesẽ xɔxɔ to woƒe asrafowo kple ga dzi ene wu. Gake le takpekpea megbe la, wodze Afrika-nyigbawo dzi ɖuɖu gɔme tẽ.[9]
Le Xexemeʋa I kple Xexemeʋa II megbe la, Europae ƒe dutanyigbadzifiaɖuƒewo va gbɔdzɔ kura. Le esia ta la, Afrika-dukɔ akpa gãtɔ va nɔ wo ɖokui si le Aʋa Vɔ̃ɖi la me. Le ƒe 1964 me, le Organisation of African Unity (OAU), Afrika ɖekawɔwɔ habɔbɔ ƒe takpekpe aɖe me la, Afrika-dukɔ siawo siwo va le wo ɖokui si yeyee la tso nya me be yewoalé liƒo siwo yewoƒe Europetɔ siwo xɔ anyigbaa ɖo la ɖe asi. Wowɔ tiatia sia elabena wonɔ vɔvɔ̃m be liƒoawo tɔtrɔ ahe dukɔmeviʋawo kple malikenyenye vɛ le yewoƒe nutoawo me. Ke boŋ woƒe susu nɔ Afrika-nuwɔnawo katã ŋu, si nye Afrika ɖekawɔwɔ ƒe susu.[10]
Gɔmeɖokpe
[trɔ asi le eŋu | trɔ asi le etsoƒe ŋu]Kaka ƒe 1841 naɖo la, Europe-asitsalawo ɖo asitsaƒe suewo ɖe Afrika ƒe ƒutawo. Gake zi geɖe la, wonɔa atsiaƒua gbɔ tututu eye ƒã hafi woyia anyigba ƒe go kemɛ dzi. Nutoa me tɔwo koŋue wodzrana. Afɔku nɔ Afrika ƒe akpa gãwo akpa be Europetɔwo nanɔ wo me elabena dɔléle siwo le teƒe xɔdzowo abe asrã ene wu ame geɖe.[11] Le ƒe 1800 ƒeawo ƒe domedome la, Europatɔ anyigbayeyedilawo ta Ɣedzeƒe kple Titina Afrika ƒe akpa gãtɔ ƒe anyigbatatawo.
Nya siawo tsoƒe
[trɔ asi le eŋu | trɔ asi le etsoƒe ŋu]- ↑ Also known as the Partition of Africa, the Conquest of Africa, or the Rape of Africa
- ↑ The Egba United Government, a government of the Egba people, was legally recognised by the British as independent until being annexed into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914.
- ↑ Hadaway, Stuart (2014). Pyramids and Fleshpots: The Egyptian, Senussi and Eastern Mediterranean Campaigns (1914–1916). The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5808-0.
- ↑ Bassil, Noah R. (1 December 2006). "The Rise and Demise of the Keira Sultanate of Dar Fur". The Journal of North African Studies. 11 (4): 347–364. doi:10.1080/13629380601036098. ISSN 1362-9387.
- ↑ Williams, Frieda-Nela (1991). Precolonial Communities of Southwestern Africa: A history of Owambo Kingdoms 1600–1920 (PDF). National Archives of Namibia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ↑ Fokkens, Andries (2023). "The ovamboland expedition of 1917: the deposing of King Mandume". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 34 (2): 382–421. doi:10.1080/09592318.2022.2153468.
- ↑ Robinson, Gallagher & Denny 1961, p. 175.
- ↑ Brantlinger 1985, pp. 166–203.
- ↑ Shillington 2005, p. 301
- ↑ Touval, Saadia (1967). "The Organization of African Unity and African Borders". International Organization. 21 (1): 102–127. doi:10.1017/S0020818300013151. JSTOR 2705705.
- ↑ Pakenham 1991, ch 1.